西方哲学现代转型的科学背景

Scientific Background of Modern Transformation of Western Philosophy

19世纪既是科学时代真正开始的世纪,又是近代科学发展出现危机的世纪。当时科学的发展不仅扩及到人类活动的广阔领域,而且越来越显示了与人的现实生活和实践相结合的倾向。自然事物的变化(分化)、生长、转化、过程、进化以及与之相关的时间性和历史性等特性的显示越来越导致对辩证法的思维方式的肯定和对以17、18世纪所代表的传统形而上学思维方式的否定。马克思在哲学上实现革命变更和西方哲学家所进行的从近代哲学到现代哲学的转型都受到自然科学的这种划时代的变革的深刻影响,并以这种影响为重要的理论背景。

The 19th century was a century of the real beginning of scientific age, as well as the century of crisis appearing in the development of modern science. At that time, the development of science not only expanded to vast realms of mankind's activity, but also more and more showed the tendency to combine together with the human realistic life and practice. The change (differentiation), growth, conversion, process, evolution of natural things, and the relative manifestation of time and historicity and other causes was more and more prone to the affirmation of dialectical mode of thinking and to the negation of the traditional metaphysics mode of thinking represented by the 17th and 18th centuries. Both the revolutionary change in philosophy practised by Karl Marx and the transformation from modern philosophy to contemporary philosophy practised by western philosophers were deeply influenced under such epoch-making changes of natural sciences, and both of which took such influences as the important theoretical background.