高浓度铅接触对小鼠外周血红细胞形态的影响

Influence of High Concentration Lead on the Form of Red Blood Cell in Rats

目的:观察高浓度铅接触对红细胞形态的影响,并了解其对铅中毒的临床提示价值。方法:昆明种成年雄性小鼠15只,随机分成两组,实验组10只饮用2g/L硝酸铅溶液(1251mgPb2+/L)染毒,共50d。每10d切尾涂片一次,分别镜检计数含Howell-Jolly小体RBC,嗜碱性点彩RBC,嗜多色性RBC及低色素性RBC的出现率。结果:在50d的实验时间内,染毒组小鼠四种异常RBC出现率均随染毒时间而增加(0.95<r<1,P<0.01),分别自第50d、30d、20d和第10d起与对照相比有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:低色素性RBC是提示铅中毒的较敏感的指标。含Howell-Jolly RBC的诊断价值不大。嗜碱性点彩RBC在铅中毒早期呈阴性时,应注意嗜多色性RBC和低色素性RBC的变化。

Objective： To observe the change of red blood cell when poisoned by high concentration lead, and determine the value of abnormal erythrocyte to point out clinical significance. Methods： Fifteen kunming mice （male and adult） were randomly divided into two groups. Experiment group with ten mice was produced by drinking water（1251mgPb^2＋/L） to induce lead overload. The control group drinked deionized water. On the 10^th ,20^th ,30^th ,40^th and 50^th day, cut the tail of each mouse to make blood smears, stained the smears by Wright＇s method, and counted the erythroeyte containing Howell-Jolly bodies, or containing basophilic stipplings, or showing polychromatophilia, or showing hypochromic. Results;The four kinds of abnormal erythrocyte were all increased with the days of lead poisoning（0.95〈r〈1, P〈0. 01） ,significantly higher than that of non-exposed mice from 50^th ,30^th 20^th and 10^th day. Conclusion：The hypochromic cell is the best examined element to display lead poisoning. The erythrocyte eontainined Howell-Jolly bodies doesn＇t reveal lead poisoning. The basophilic stippling is not accurate at early stage, and we must pay attention to the polychromatic erythrocyte and the hypochromic cell when considering lead poisoning.