东海凹管鞭虾的渔业生物学特性

Fishery biological characteristics of Solenocera koelbeli in the East China Sea

根据1986—1990年和1997—2001年东海虾类资源调查及近年来监测调查的资料，对凹管鞭虾的渔业生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，东海凹管鞭虾平均渔获率为562．3g·h^-1，秋季最高达到1283．8g·h^-1，主要分布在60m水深以东外海，盐度34以上，水温12～24℃海域，为高温高盐性虾类。雌虾周年平均体长和平均体重分别为76．0mm和7．0g；雄虾为72．8mm和5．5g，最大值出现在6—9月，最小值在2—4月。繁殖期在6-11月，高峰期在8—9月。周年出现两次快速生长期，第一次在8-11月，相对增长率雌虾为12．9％～11．2％，雄虾为7．9％～5．9％；第二次在翌年4—6月，雌、雄虾相对增长率为22．4％～13．4％和14．8％～14．1％。周年雌虾略多于雄虾，性比为1：0．99。周年都摄食，摄食等级以1、2级为主，以夏季摄食量最高。

Based on the data of 1986- 1990 and 1997- 2001 shrimp resource surveys and monitoring in recent years in the East China Sea, a biological characteristics study of Solenocera koelbeli fishery was given. 6122 Solenocera koelbeli were measured, in which 3077 were female, 3045 male. Survey was condncted at altogether 115 stations in May, Aug., Nov. 1998 and Feb. 1999 in the area between 26°00′N and 33°00′N and west of 127°00′E. The survey vessel was a shrimp-trawl ship, with its tonnage being 100 and power 183.87 kW. The fishing tool was beam shrimp trawl net. The beam length was 20 m and trawl speed was 2 knots; i.e. from one station to adjacent one it only needed one hour. Results showed that the average fishing rate of the shrimp was 562. 3 g· h^-1. The rate hit 1283.8 g· h^- 1 in autumn. The shrimp belongs to the high-thermal and high-saline species and mainly dominated in the water areas in east of 60 isobath and of over 34 salinity and 12 - 24 ℃. On the basis of annual statistics, its community average length and weight of female were 76.0 mm,7.0 g, respectively; of male, 72.8 mm,5.5 g,respectively. Both reached their maximum in June - September and went down to their minimum in Feb- April. The breeding period was in June- Nov., with flourishing period being Aug- Sep.. There were two fast [growth periods every year. The first one was in Aug - Nov, with the relative growth rates being 12.9% - 11.2% for female,7.9% - 5.9% for male. The other one was in April- June next year, the corresponding rates were 22.4% - 13.4% ,14.8% - 14.1%. Female was a little hit more than male, with its ratio being 1：0.99. It took food all the year round and the food taking grade was 1 - 2. The food taking reached its top in summer.