壮族摩教文化探析

On the Culture of Mo Religion of Zhuangs'

摩教,是壮族先民创造的传统宗教,由布摩传承。摩教崇拜创世神布洛陀为至上神和教主;有整套的法事仪式和相应的经书。摩经是壮族先民企求借助神力来协调人与自然、人与社会、人与人之间的关系以及祈求生存和发展的宗教典籍,折射着壮族的社会发展历程,对研究壮族古代社会经济、文化及道德观念具有重要的历史价值、文化价值和科学价值;摩经中的三元(天、地、水)说是壮族传统的宇宙结构观念,至今仍在民间广为流传;摩经中的公(雄)母(雌)观则是壮族认识世界最基本的哲学思维方式。布摩还以古老的鸡卜作为人神沟通的中介加以广泛应用,并将鸡卜预测与物候历算结合在一起,发明了多功能的骨刻历算器———“甲巴克”,他们经常用它计算日子,预测吉凶。

Mo Religion, created by the ancestors of Zhuang people and passed on by Bu Mo is a kind of traditional religion. Having an entire service ritual and relevant sutra, it admires the Creator, Bu Luotuo as the supreme god and the founder of the religion. Mo Religion is the religious ancient book and record, which notes down the history that the Zhnang ancestors yearned for the power of gods to coordinate the relationships between man and nature, society and man respectively. And also it is the ancient code and record telling the story that the ancestors pleaded for survival and development. Mo Religion reveals the process of society development of Zhuang people, and it has a historic, cultural and scientific value on studying the ancient Zhuangs＇ social economy, culture and moral concept. The three- element- theory （sky, earth and water） in Mo sutra is the Zhuangs＇ old view on the universe structure and till now, it still widely spreads among people. The male and female sense is their basic philosophical ways of thinking on the world. Bu Mo sees the old divination by chicken bones as the intermediary of the communication between man and gods, and this kind of divination has been widely used in Zhuangs＇ daily life, for instance, using it together with the phenology calendar date counting, they invented a multi - functional bone sculpture device - ＂Jiabake＂ to count days, foretell good or ill luck. And therefore, it makes Mo Religion more dignified and mysterious.