摘要
欧盟水框架指令的主要目标是通过保护水资源促进水资源的可持续利用。在此,我们调查了伦讷(Rnnea)河流域的一些利益相关者是如何接受一系列水管理条例的经济后果的。我们从经济学的角度研究了三个主题:1)可感觉到的富营养化的原因;2)水利用的优先考虑;3)污染者付费原则应该被应用的程度。对于欧盟水框架指令提高水的经济有效利用的目的具有共同的认识。大体上所有利益相关团体对于水质的恶化原因有相似的认识。然而,没有一个经济有效的和公平的解决方法。依据影响的尺度,在同一流域采取几种相互补充的补救措施是可行的。尽管有来自于不同部门合作的潜在的经济收益,但是参与各方仍将单独的污染者付费原则看作最可行的修复计划项目资金来源模式,辅以补贴。对更多的市场制度几乎没有什么需要(排放费;可转让的排放许可证)。利益相关方具有保守的水管理观点,也就是说,他们接受了当前的各种制度与经济刺激政策,并且充分认识到了问题的复杂性。总体上,欧盟水框架指令对于经济有效的削减战略的建议看起来在决策过程中低估了外部效应的价值。
The key objective of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to promote sustainable water use by protecting water resources.Here,we investigate how the economic consequences of a set of water management regulations is received by a group of stakeholders in the Ro-nnea; catchment.We explore three themes from an economic point of view:i) perceived causes of eutrophication,ii) preferences regarding water use,and iii ) the extent to which the polluter-pays principle should be applied.There is a common understanding about the intentions in the WFD to enhance cost-effective water use.All stakeholder groups largely share a similar picture of the causes of water quality deterioration. However,there is not one cost-effective and fair solution.Several mixes of remedial measures within the same catchment are possible,depending on the scale of action.Despite potential economic gains from cooperation between sectors,the participants regard the individual polluterpays principle as the most feasible mode of funding for remedial programs,supported by subsidies.There is little demand for more market institutions (emission fees,tradable emission permits).The stakeholders have a conservative view of water management,i.e.they accept the present combination of regulations and economic incentives,and they are fully aware of the complexity of the issue.In general,the WFD recommendations for the calculation of cost-effective abatement strategies seem to imply an underestimation of the value of external effects in the decision-making process.
