摘要
欧盟水框架指令将要求各国制定流域管理计划,以获得良好的生态状况以及找到最经济的减少氮淋溶的措施。从这一点来说,基于模型模拟的详细情景计算具有重要价值。本文对基于模拟模型SOILNDB的一种系数方法进行了介绍,并且应用该方法对农田的氮淋溶量进行了研究,并就各种削减情景对瑞典南部伦讷(Rnnea)河流域(1900km^2)的影响进行了预测。对不同措施的成本也进行了计算。结果表明,单一措施——种植遮盖作物、春耕、牧草晚收、休耕和春季施农家肥——只能使氮淋容量减少5%～8%。如果采取以上所有的措施,同时将冬季作物用它们的春季品种替换,氮淋容量将有可能降低21%。然而,这就要求采取以上全部措施。
The EU Water Framework Directive will require river-basin management plans in order to achieve good ecological status and find the most cost-efficient nitrogen (N) leaching abatement measures.Detailed scenario calculations based on modeling methods will be valuable in this regard.This paper describes the approach and an application with a coefficient method based on the simulation model SOILNDB for quantification of N leaching from arable land and for prediction of the effect of abatement scenarios for the Ro-nnea; catchment (1900 km^2) in southern Sweden Cost calculations for the different measures were also performed.The results indicate that the individual measures—cover crop and spring plowing,late termination of ley and fallow,and spring application of manure—would only reduce N leaching by between 5% and 8%.If all measures were combined and winter crops replaced by their corresponding spring variants,a 21% reduction in N leaching would be possible.However,this would require total fulfillment of the suggested measures.
