元杂剧虚词例释

Illustration on the Function Words in the Yuan Opera

受直译体影响,元杂剧的虚词有了非汉语的用法:方位词“里”、“根底(的)”、“上”、“上头”、“行”表示介词应具有的处所、对象、原因等意义,并形成了“介词+名词(代词)+方位词”汉蒙杂糅句式;助词“来”、“来的”、“呵”、“者”表示过去时、假设语气、祈使语气等。

Asa result of literal translation, ,there exists non -Chinese use of function words in the Yuan opera： （i） some localizers mean what prepositions mean, such as li, gendi（de）, shang, shangtou, hang that represent position, object or reason, etc. forming the blending sentence patterns of Chinese and Mongolian as prep. ＋ n. （pron.） ＋ localizer; and （ii） some auxiliaries such as lai, laide, he, and zhe, represent the past assumption or the imoerative mood.