北宋前期的乡村区划

The District Divisions of Village Areas in the Early Northern Song Dynasty

开宝七年,在以相州地区为代表的一些地区“废乡令”得以落实,原来的“乡”被“管”所取代,其功能主要由户长来体现。更多的地区并没有贯彻开宝废乡令,也有个别的地区是在乡之下再设管。北宋前期的乡仍承担着一定的行政功能,里已沦为和自然村类似的地域区划单位。乡以及相州地区的管均设有耆长、壮丁来负责治安、词讼等行政管理工作。耆长所辖的区域又被称为“耆”。耆是县之下的专项行政区划单位,但一般不作为地域区划单位。县和耆直接发生关系,不以乡为中介。

In the Seventh Year of KaiBao（开宝）, the government decree to abolish xiang（乡） was fulfilled in some areas such as Xiangzhou where xiang was replaced by guan（管）. This kind of guan＇s function was implemented by household chief. But the decree to abolish xiang wasn＇t carried out in more areas and in very few areas, guan was set under xiang which still hold certain administrative function in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Li （里） became into one kind of village district unit like cun（村）. In xiang and guan of Xiangzhou area, elders（耆长） and ablebodied man （壮丁） took charge of the administrative work such as public security, lawsuit, etc. The district over which elders had jurisdiction was called qi（耆） which was not regarded as a regional unit, but a kind of special administrative district unit. County controlled qi directly without the intermediary of xiang.