基于网球训练中肘部韧带损伤机制的运动解剖学研究

Physical Anatomy Study Based on the Mechanism of Elbow Ligament Truma in Tennis Training

目的:为网球训练中认识和预防治疗急、慢性肘部疾患提供基础。方法:大体解剖分析肘关节周围的形态结构特点,观测按序切断桡侧相关结构、尺侧副韧带时分别表达的肘关节后外侧旋转度变化和外翻旋转角度变化。结果:(1)观察到尺侧副韧带前束由前部纤维和后部纤维组成,桡侧副韧带止于环状韧带和尺骨冠突的外下方;(2)检测到肘关节在屈曲30°～60°时,尺侧副韧带前束呈现内侧部较松弛而外侧部紧张,肘关节屈曲60°～145°后,前束内外侧紧张度无明显差异,后束在肘关节屈曲60°～145°后出现紧张;肘关节桡侧副韧带复合体对维持关节外侧的稳定作用约占50%,伸肌及伸肌腱膜起协同作用。结论:桡侧尺副韧带和尺侧副韧带前束是肘关节主要的稳定结构,副韧带的不同组成部分发挥着不同的作用,结构的改变将导致该部机能失衡,研究结果能为网球训练及网球肘的预防提供参考。

Objective： To provide basis for recognition, prevention and treatment of acute and chronic elbow disease in tennis training. Method： To anatomize and analyze generally conformational and structural features around elbow joints, observe outboard rotary angle changes and evaglnable rotary angle changes when relative radiocarpus structures and manual inboard paraligaments are severed in order. Result： The fore bindles of manual inboard paraligaments are found to be composed of foreside fibers and rear fibers. Radioearpus paraligaments are situated between circle-llke ligaments and the outward inferior of lower ulna; When elbow joints bend at the angle of 30 to 60, the fore bundles of manual inboard paraligaments are found to be slack inboards and tense outboards. When bending at the angle of 60 to 145, no obvious difference exists inboards and outboards. When bending at the angle of 60 to 145, rear bundles become tense. Radiocarpus paraligaments of elbow joints play 50 percent role in maintaining stability of joints outboards, while extensor and aponeurosis play concerted role. Conclusion： The fore bundles of radiocarpus and manual inboard paraligaments are the main stable structures. Different components of paraligaments play different roles. Structural changes will lead to the loss of function in this part, the research results can serve as a reference for tennis training and the prevention of tennis elbow trauma.