个体化健康教育对预防维持性血液透析病人出血危险的作用

Effect of individualized health education for maintenance hemodialysis patients to prevent hemorrhage risks

[目的]评估维持性血液透析病人出血危险因素,设计个体化健康教育方案,提高病人自我保护能力。[方法]采用自行设计的出血危险评估表对189例血液透析病人进行评估,根据评估结果将病人出血危险分为平均、中度、高度3组,设计个体化健康教育方案,进行针对性的健康教育,分别在入院时与3个月随访时评估病人相关知识、应对能力的变化。[结果]生活不能自理、营养状态不佳及无工作的病人具有较高出血危险,经个体化教育后观察出血能力和相关注意事项知晓率明显提高。[结论]让病人掌握相关知识,学会观察出血倾向,提高自我救治能力,是减少维持性血液透析病人出血风险的重要手段。

Objective： To evaluate the risk factors of hemorrhage in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to design a scheme of individualized health education, so as to promote their self - protection ability. Methods： A total of 189 hemodialysis patients were assessed with self- designed hemorrhage risks scale. All patients were divided into average, moderate and high risks of hemorrhage three groups based on their assessment results. Furthermore, individualized health education schemes were designed and health education was carried out correspondingly, and patients were followed up about the change of relative knowledge and coping ability at admission and three months later. Results： Patients of elderly, who couldn＇ t take care of themselves well, and in malnutrition state had higher risks of hemorrhage. However, after individualized health education, both their self - perspicacity and knowing related announcements were enhanced remarkably. Conclusion： To let patients grasp the related knowledge, to learn how to monitor the bleeding tendency, and to promote their self- rescuing ability are important means of decreasing the hemorrhage risks for maintenance hemodialysis patients.