户籍制度对劳动力转移制约的分析

Analysis on the Restriction by Residence Registration System on Shifting of Labor Force

劳动力转移服从成本—收益原则,劳动力跨区域转移遵循的基本法则是迁入地收益应大于迁出地收益和迁移成本之和。根据这一基本法则考察我国传统经济体制和中国市场化改革中的劳动力转移,可以发现二者的区别:在传统经济体制中劳动力转移主要表现为行政转移型,劳动力转移困难且劳动力资源配置的低效率;在中国市场化改革中,劳动力转移模式逐步转变为自主转移型为主,但以户籍为首的制度体系的存在,形成了劳动力转移的障碍,加大了劳动力的转移成本。对此,应从完善我国市场经济体制出发,进一步深化劳动力流动的改革。

Obeying the cost-income principle, the inter-regional shifting of labor force follows the basic principle that the income at ingoing place should be greater than the sum of income at outgoing place plus the cost of moving. Based on this principle, by studying the shifting of labor force in China＇s traditional economic system and during market economy reform period, the differentiation can be discovered： in former state, the shifting of labor force mainly displayed as the type of administrative shifting with difficulties in the shifting and low efficiency in the deployment of the labor force resource; in the latter situation, the type of labor shifting is gradually turns to be self-determined shifting, although the existing system headed by the residence registration system forms a barrier against the shifting of labor force and increases the cost of labor shifting. Withal, further deepening the reform for labor shifting should be carried out from perfecting China＇s market economy system.