流域初始水权的分配

The Initial Water Rights Allocation of River Basins

实行可交易水权制度是目前世界各国普遍认可的解决水资源危机、促进水资源优化配置的有效方法,而流域初始水权的分配则是实现这一思路的前提。流域初始水权的分配是对配水量权的分配,不仅包括分配方案的制定,还包括它的有效实施。分配方案的制定,需要以流域水资源的规划为基础,以“公平优先、兼顾效率”为原则,以政府主导、民主协商为手段,合理确定分配指标体系,构建分配模型;分配方案的有效实施需要完善的制度作保障。

The tradable water rights institution has been realized as an effective way to solve the water problems and to make water resources allocated reasonably in the world, while the initial water rights allocation of river basins is the premise of this thought. The initial water rights allocation is the allocation of the rights for an organization or an individual to use a certain amount of water in a certain time, which is not only the design of the allocation plan, and how to put it into execution is more important. The allocation plan should rely on the supply and demand analysis of water resources, insist the principle of giving priority to impartiality, and also paying attention to validity. The government should play a dominant role in this process, while the public power is also necessary, and institutions, such as laws, regulations and cultures is the safeguard for the execution of this plan.