全站仪自由设站隧道围岩变形非接触监测理论和方法的研究

A study on the theory and method of non-contact monitoring for tunnel rock deformation based on free stationing of a total station

钢尺收敛计隧道围岩变形量测由人工拉尺读数,效率低,与施工相互干扰,测量结果容易受人为因素影响。为满足现代隧道快速、大跨、安全施工需求,提出全站仪围岩变形非接触量测单站、双站自由设站三维坐标法和单站、双站独立坐标测线法的概念和方法,推导围岩变形监测全站仪自由设站坐标转换数学模型。阐述自动全站仪隧道围岩变形非接触监测系统的组成、开发及其特点。以北京东直门地铁隧道施工围岩变形监测为例,说明系统的数据处理、精度评定、图形分析和预报功能,该系统以其高精度、自动化、简便实用的优点在隧道围岩变形监测中起到重要作用。

Monitoring the convergence of the surrounding rocks of a tunnel, by drawing rulers and manual reading, is rather inefficient. It interferes with construction, and the measured results can be easily influenced by human factors. To satisfy the requirements of improved advancement rate, large span and safe construction for modem tunnel engineering, the conception and technique of several non-contact monitoring methods, such as single station, doublestation 3-D and measured line schemes, are presented, and a coordinate conversion model of the free stationing system is derived. Based on an automated total station, the monitoring and analysis system for tunnel rock convergence is described, including its composition, development and features. The data processing, accuracy analysis and forecasting of the system are demonstrated by using a practical application to the Dongzhimen subway construction project in Beijing. The results show that this system plays an important role in monitoring tunnel rock convergence with high degrees of accuracy, automation, practicability and efficiency.