中国的珠峰高程测定

Height Determination of Qumolongma Feng (Mt. Everest) in China

20世纪60年代以来,我国曾单独或与外国合作,在1966年、1975年、1992年、1998年、1999年和2005年对珠穆朗玛峰高程进行了6次测定,开展了大规模的大地测量外业作业、数据处理和科学研究。介绍了我国近40年来珠峰高程测定的成果和进展,其中重点介绍了最新的2005年我国对珠穆朗玛峰高程测定的进展。相对于以前的珠峰测高,2005年在珠峰以北地区的地面控制和珠峰高程测定中,采用了较大规模和精密的GPS三维定位技术,采用了雷达探测技术测定珠峰峰顶冰雪覆盖层的深度,提高了测量珠峰高程和探测峰顶冰雪覆盖层深度的精度和可靠性。由此测得珠峰峰顶雪面正高(海拔高)为8847.93m,珠峰峰顶岩面正高为8844.43m,珠峰峰顶相应点的冰雪层厚度为3.50m。

Since the 1960s, China has carried out six geodetic campaigns （in 1966, 1975, 1992, 1998, 1999 and 2005 respectively） for the height determination of Qumolongma Feng （Mt. Everest, QF in short） independently or in cooperation with foreign countries. Geodetic field work, data processing and scientific researches have been executed in the campaigns. The height determination results of QF obtained by China in the past 40 years have been briefly introduced and reviewed in the paper. Emphases are given to the technical progress in the 2005 campaign. For example, GPS technique has been widely and precisely used, and the thickness of the snow-ice cover on the QF summit is measured by ground penetrating radar integrated with GPS. All these technical measurements really raise the accuracy and reliability for the height determination of QF and the thickness of the snow-ice layer on the QF summit. The orthometric height （height above sea level） of the snow surface of the QF summit is 8 847.93 m. The orthometric height of rock surface of the QF summit is determined as 8 844.43 m,and the thickness of the snow-ice layer on the QF summit is 3.50 m.