STM单分子剪裁术及其应用——纳米科技专家的手术刀

Molecular surgery with STM and its applications——A powerful tool for nanoscience and nanotechnology

本文结合具体的实验,着重介绍了扫描隧道显微术(STM)诱导的单分子化学键断裂反应和成键反应(STM单分子剪裁术)的实验方法、剪裁机理和应用前景。STM单分子剪裁通过电压脉冲实现,化学键断裂和键合的能量来源于针尖和样品间发生非弹性隧穿的电子。STM单分子剪裁不仅可以对化学反应的路径进行控制,而且能控制和改变分子性质,实现某种物理效应,为单分子功能器件的制备提供一个重要的新方法。

Experimental technique to realize chemical reaction induced by the scanning tunnelling microscopy （STM） through cutting or bonding chemical bonds at a single molecular scale, i.e., ＂molecular surgery＂ was introduced. The experimental details and the mechanism of the ＂molecular surgery＂ with STM and its potential applications were discussed with concrete examples. The molecular surgery is effected by a local voltage pulse from an STM tip. The energy to cut or bond a molecule is obtained from the inelastic tunnelling electrons between the sample and the tip. Molecular surgery with STM is useful in controlling of the pathways of chemical reactions, and also in modifying and controlling the physical and chemical properties of molecules, providing a premising technique for fabrication of nanodevices.