法哲学视野下的犯罪被害人“国家补偿”

National Compensation for the Criminal Victims from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy

随着刑事政策理论的发展尤其是犯罪被害人学的发展,在人权理论和实践的推动下,国家对犯罪被害人补偿义务问题逐渐引起社会各界的重视。20世纪60年代,产生了现代意义上的犯罪被害人国家补偿制度,但不同国家、不同学者对国家补偿的认识各不相同。国家与犯罪被害人之间是否存在补偿关系?如果存在,补偿关系的法理基础是什么?文章从法哲学的视角论证国家应当承担补偿义务,并论证设置犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的正当性与合法性。

With the development of the theory for criminal policy, especially the development of theory on criminal victims, and motivated by the theory and practice of human rights, the national duty to compensate for the criminal victims have gradually caught the attention from people of all walks of life. The institution of national modern sense started in the 1960s,however,different compensation for the criminal victims in its nations and different scholars have different view about it. Does the compensation relationship really exist between nation and criminal victims？ If does, what is the foundation in terms of legal philosophy？ Efforts have been made in this paper to discuss the national duty for compensation in the perspective of legal philosophy and to justify and legitimize the institution of national compensation for criminal victims.