从命运天定到修正命运——从《郭店楚墓竹简·穷达以时》看先秦儒家对时运观的一种解读

From that God Decide the Fate to that Human Correct the Fate——To explore the fate idea of the Pre-Qin Dynasty of Confucianism from 《Guo Dian Bamboo Slips·Qiong Da Yi Shi》

文章以《郭店楚墓竹简.穷达以时》这一材料为分析点,论述了孔子、孟子、荀子对时运的看法。孔子从“有天有人,天人有分”思想出发,认为时运是“天”的一种自我运行,与人的行为无关,它是不可捉摸、不可改变的;孟子认为“时运”是天对人的考验,人只要积极努力,最终是可以符合天数的;荀子则认为人可以借天命而对时运有所修正,使之符合人自身的发展。

This paper aims to explore the fortune ideas of Confucius, Mencius and Xuncius that arise from 《Guo Dian Bamboo Slips · Qiong Da Yi Shi》. Confucius thinks that the fortune is independent of the human＇s action. Mencius believes the fortune is the God＇s test to human and the human can accord with the luck if human endeavor. Xuncius hold the human can correct the fortune.