荧光单分子检测技术在生命科学中的应用

Application of the Single Molecule Detection Techniques in Life Science

荧光单分子检测技术是用荧光标记来显示和追踪单个分子的构象变化、动力学,单分子之间的相互作用以及单分子操纵的研究。过去对于生命科学分子机制的研究,都是对分子群体进行研究,然后平均化来进行单分子估测。因此,单个分子的动态性和独立性也被平均化掉而无法表现出来。荧光单分子检测技术真正实现了对单个分子的实时观测,将过去被平均化并隐藏在群体测量中不能获得的信息显示出来。近几年来,荧光单分子检测技术的飞速发展,为生命科学的发展,开辟了全新的研究领域。现就荧光单分子检测技术在研究动力蛋白、DNA转录、酶反应、蛋白质动态性和细胞信号转导方面的应用进展作一综述。

The single molecule detection technique is a technology to study conformational change, dynamics, interaction and manipulation of single molecule by fluoresce labeling. In ensemble measurements involving a large number of molecules, the dynamic properties of biomolecules and the unique operations of molecular machines are averaged and cannot be observed. Molecule detection techniques have allowed us to record the behavior of individual molecules in real time. The dynamic properties, which were hidden in averaged ensemble measurements, have been unveiled. In recent years, the molecule detection techniques have developed rapidly and opened up a new era of life science. The present review summarized recent progresses in application of molecule detection techniques in molecular motors, DNA transcription, enzyme reactions, protein dynamics, and cell signaling.