大学生自尊状况及其相关因素分析

The self-esteem condition of college students and analysis of influencing factors

目的探讨大学生的自尊状况,分析相关因素。方法采取整群分层取样的方法,随机抽取河南新乡地区512名在校大学生。对他们进行缺陷感量表、抑郁量表、焦虑量表、社会支持量表、社会应对方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷的测试。结果除体能因子分[男性(20.70±6.12)分,女性(18.69±6.36)分,P<0.01]外(t=3.624),缺陷感量表的总分和其他因子分在性别上差异无显著性(P>0.05)。三年级学生在社交自信因子和自尊总分方面高于一年级、二年级,差异有显著性(F=4.44,P<0.01)。逐步多元回归分析表明:影响大学生自尊水平因素主要有:神经质、内外向、积极应对方式、焦虑、抑郁。自尊水平与积极应对(r=0.153)、内外向(r=0.191)呈正相关,而与抑郁(r=-0.148)、焦虑(r=-0.173)、神经质(r=-0.330)呈显著负相关。结论大学生缺陷感量表体能因子有性别差异,总分和其他因子分性别差异无显著性;大学生自尊水平有随年级增长而提高的趋势;神经质、内外向、焦虑、积极应对方式、抑郁与大学生的自尊水平显著相关。

Objective To study the self-esteem condition of college students and influencing factors of their self-esteem. Methods By cluster sampling ,512 university students （ including 247 males and 265 females） were tested by The Feelings of Inadequacy Scale（ FIS）, Self-Rating Depression Scale（ SDS）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）, Social Support assessment scale , Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） . Results 1. Compared with women and men, the results showed there was no significant differences in the total scale and subscales of FIS except physical ability （ t=3. 624）. 2. Junior students had significantly higher score in total scale and social contact self-confidence subscale than freshmen and sophomores （ F = 4.44, P 〈 0.01 ）. 3. Stepwise logistic regression analyses indicated that positive coping（ r = 0.153 ） , introversion-extroversion （ r = O. 191 ） were positive correlated with self-esteem , while, depression （ r = - 0.148 ）, anxiety （ r = - 0. 173） and neurotieism （ r = - 0. 330） were negative correlated with self-esteem . Conclusions 1. There was no significant differences in the total scale and subscales of FIS except physical ability in different gender. There was significant differences in the total scale and subscales of FIS in different grade, 2. Neuroticism, introversion-extroversion, anxiety, positive coping and depression were main factors which correlated with self-esteem.