贵州地方山羊品种遗传背景的微卫星分析

Analysis of microsatellite loci on genetic background of the local goats in Guizhou province

用15个牛微卫星位点,以波尔山羊为对照,研究了4个贵州地方山羊品种(贵州白山羊、贵州黑山羊、黔北麻羊、榕江小香羊)的遗传背景。结果:可分析的多态位点6个(BM1258、D1S104、ILSTS030、INRA063、INRABERN192、RM088),占40%(6/15),反应了牛微卫星位点与山羊有较高同源性;贵州地方山羊品种比波尔山羊具有较高的遗传多样性,高低顺序是贵州白山羊>贵州黑山羊>黔北麻羊>榕江小香羊>波尔山羊;群体遗传分化大,群体变异主要存在于品种内,而品种间的变异较小;贵州白山羊与贵州黑山羊遗传距离最近,其次是榕江小香羊、黔北麻羊,与波尔山羊遗传距离最远,这与它们的地理分布及品种形成相符。

The genetic background of four local goat breeds in Guizhou province was studied by 15 microsatellite loci from new bovine genetic map, with Boer as the contrast. Six of fifteen microsatellite loci （40%, 6/15） were polymorphic, including BM1258, D1S104, ILSTS030, INRA063, INRABERN192 and RM088. It demonstrated that bovine and goat had high genetic conservation. The local goat breeds of Guizbou province had higher genetic diversity than Boer, ranking from Guizbou White goat, Guizbou Black goat, Qianbei Ma goat, Rongjiang Xiaoxiang goat to Boer. Total population genetic heterozygousity was great, but largly existed in subpopulation. It is suggested that the crossbreeding needs more macrocontrol, organization and programing except in the main area. The results of genetic distance showed that Guizbou White goat was the closest to Guizbou Black goat, next to Rong^iang Xiaoxiang goat, Qianbei Ma goat, furthest to Boer, which is consistent with their geographic distribution and breed formation.