葡萄新品种早黑宝的倍性结构鉴定

Structural identification of ploidy character of Zaoheibao grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera)

早黑宝是用杂交和诱变相结合的方法培育的早熟鲜食葡萄新品种。为搞清该种质的倍性结构,以便育种利用,根据组织发生层学说,以京亚(4x)、早黑宝、早玫瑰(2x)、瑰宝(2x)4个品种为试材,通过测定气孔保卫细胞大小和叶绿体数目;观测比较花粉粒形态、大小、活力以及坐果率;观察根尖染色体数目等试验分别推断LⅠ层、LⅡ层、LⅢ层细胞的倍性,同时运用梢端切片法对4个品种的3层分生细胞进行观察和大小测定比较,结果表明早黑宝的倍性结构为4-4-4型,为同质四倍体。

Zaoheibao is a new early table grape cultivar, derived from artificial hybridization combined with mutagen induction. In order to use the new germplasm material for breeding, the ploidy structure of Zaoheibao was identified. According to the theory of plant tissue layers ,four cultivars i.e. Jingya （4x）, Zaoheibao, Guibao （2x） and Zaomeigui （2x） were chosen as materials. By measuring stoma guard cells＇ size and chloroplast number of the four cultivars, observing and comparing the pollen grain form, vitality and fruit set rate and chromosome number of root tip cell, the ploidy of LⅠ , L Ⅱ, LⅢ in these 4 cultivars was distinguished. Stem apex section method was used to observe three layers meristem cells of stem apex and compare the cell size of Zaoheibao. It was proved that the ploidy structure of Zaoheibao is homogeneous tetraploid （4-4-4）.