越橘稔性与花粉超微结构相关性研究

A study on the relationship between fertility and pollen morphology in blueberry

为进一步研究越橘结实率低是否与花粉形态结构有关,在扫描电镜下观察比较了5个具有不同结实率的兔眼越橘品种的花粉形态结构。结果表明,花粉粒的外形为4个分体结合成的准四面体,表面具脑纹状或不规则雪溶状纹理,并多处凹陷。萌发孔沟多为3对(顶分体3条,侧分体各对应1条),以四面体几何中轴为中心,中心对称分布于四面体的3个侧面。萌发孔沟的长度、宽度、孔盖长宽与形状、突起的程度等,在个体间有差异。在花粉群体的观察中发现:花粉萌发率最低的杰兔品种花粉粒中,有明显“干瘪”形状的花粉粒比例高达80.00%。这些花粉粒分体表面的明显凹陷,影响到四分体整体的充盈和饱满程度。并在文中提出了用极坐标描述花粉四合体的方法。

The relationship between fertility and pollen morphology of 5 blueberry （Vaccinium ashei L.） cultivars was investigated by electronic microscope. The result showed that most of them are tetrahedron with tetrad construction. It had snowmelting-like veins on the surface of pollen grain with several hollows. Most of the germinal apertures were 3 couples, distributed symmetrically at the three sides by the axis of symmetry of the tetrahedron. The pollen grains with different ecological style of germinal apertures in length, width, length and width of lid, shape of lid and the extent of protuberances etc., especiaUy with several hollows could be the factors resulting in the different germination of pollen. There are many shriveled pollen grains in cuhivar Premier that of 80% indicate shriveled type, perhaps that related with their sterility. The shapes and forms of pollens may be described with a new method of polar coordinate that is more exact and more direct than with other method of measurement of polar axis （P） and equatorial axis （E）.