西部大开发中的退耕还林还草

Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland in the West Development of China

水土流失和土地沙化是西部地区突出的生态环境问题,为了从根本上扭转这一地区生态环境问题,2000年国家开始在西部地区大规模地退耕还林还草,5年来,退耕还林还草取得了重要成效。但是,也存在一些新的问题,生态环境总体恶化的趋势尚未得到有效的控制,水资源短缺矛盾尖锐,保障农民生计的后续产业还没有完全建立……要想解决这些矛盾:1.要延长西北干旱、半干旱地的退耕还林还草政策;2.建立退耕还林还草地区的生态补偿机制;3.保障退耕还林还草由阶段性工作转向制度性工作。

Water and soil erosion and land desertification are the notable problems of ecological environment in the west areas. In order to resolve the problems of ecological environment thoroughly in this area, the state started returning farmland to forest and grassland in large scale in the west areas from 2000. Significant results of returning farmland to forest and grassland were obtained in the past 5 years. Nevertheless, there are still some new problems such as no effective control of the trend of overall deterioration of ecological environment, serious problems of the shortage of water resources, incomplete establishment of follow -up productions for ensuring farmers＇lives, etc. In order to solve the problems, the first step is to prolong time for the policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the northwestern arid and semiarid are- as. The second is to set up the mechanism of ecological compensation in the areas of returning farmland to forest and grassland, and the third is to turn the periodical work of returning farmland to forest and grassland into systemic work.