哲学原理教科书中若干问题质疑

A Query to Some Problems Raised from Textbooks of Philosophical Principle

对哲学原理教科书中若干问题的质疑,涉及到如何正确理解马克思主义哲学的一些根本问题。教科书把古代朴素唯物主义者关于说明世界本原的某种具体物质形态理解为古代的物质概念,把近代自然科学家解释物质结构的观点当成近代的物质范畴,这是不妥的。关于物质与运动的关系,教科书将一切运动都归结为物质运动,否认精神的运动,这是庸俗的唯“物”的观点。教科书对发展只理解为上升前进的运动,理解为新事物产生、旧事物灭亡的运动,而无视发展是上升与下降、前进与倒退、新与旧相结合的辩证过程。矛盾同一的相对性,教科书按传统观点进行解释,即矛盾双方相互依存,失去一方,另一方便不存在,此理由在逻辑上是说不通的,因为凡是矛盾,必然既有矛,又有盾,否则就不成为矛盾。教科书把真理的绝对性与绝对真理两个概念混为一谈,其实人的认识永远不能达到绝对真理,只能不断地接近绝对真理,如果有一天达到绝对真理,人的认识也就停止了。

The paper concerns how to correctly understand some essential points in Marxism. The textbook has some specific material formation, which was used to explain the origin of the world by ancient native materialists as the concept of material in ancient time. It also considers modern natural scientists'explanation of the materials structure as the material category in modern time. Both of them are inappropriate. With regard to the relationship between material and movement, the textbook treats all movements as material ones, and thus denies spiritual ones. It is a vulgar view that puts'material'alone. The textbook explains development only as a movement of uprising or advancing, and a dying out of old things. It neglects the fact that development is actually a dialectical process which involves the integration of rising and falling progress and retrogression, new and old. On the relativity of the opposites, the textbook provides a traditional explanation, which says that the two opposite sides depend on each other. If one is over, so is the other. However, it is not a proper explanation logically, because all the contradictions must have two opposite sides, otherwise, they would not be called as contradictions. The textbook lumps together the absolute nature of truth and the absolute truth. Human's knowledge can only be unceasingly approximate absolute truth forever. If someday an absolute truth was attained, human's knowledge would not develop any more.