西方近代美学思潮的主导精神和基本倾向

The Leading Spirit and Basic Trend of Western Modern Thoughts in Aesthetics

本文对西方近代美学思潮的演变过程和发展规律做了总体审视和综合研究,认为西方近代四大美学思潮以各自独特的理论主张,创造性地提出和阐明了一系列新的美学观点、概念和范畴,实现了美学的近代转型。它们以人的理性作为美学的建构基础和衡量标准,充分体现了以人本精神和科学精神为支柱的现代理性精神,具有鲜明的时代特色。随着近代哲学的认识论转向,在美学思潮中始终贯穿着经验主义和理性主义两种倾向的对立,而最终导向调和,由此形成西方近代美学发展的基本线索。

By surveying the development of western modern thoughts in aesthetics, this paper holds that four of the major thoughts raise and expound a series of new aesthetic viewpoints, concepts and categories creatively, and thus accomplish the modern transformation of aesthetics through their respective unique theories. With distinctive features of the times, those thoughts are based on reason, embodying the modern rational spirit through that of humanities and science. Following the turn of epistemology in modern philosophy, empiricism and rationalism are always two opposing trends in the thoughts in aesthetics, which leads to reconciliation finally. Thus the basic clue of western modern aesthetics comes into being.