安徽省农村地区成年人群高血压流行及其危险因素知晓率调查

Prevalence of Hypertension and Awareness of Hypertension Risk Factors Among Rural Adult Groups in Anhui Province

目的 了解安徽省农村地区成年人群高血压的流行和分布情况及对高血压危险因素的知晓情况，为我省农村地区防治高血压工作提供依据。方法2091名年龄在35岁以上的农村成年人参加了此次调查。经过培训的调查员用标准水银血压计对参加者进行了血压测量。被调查者的人口统计学资料和对高血压危险因素的知晓情况由调查员用统一的调查表调查后获得。结果总的高血压患病率为36．1％。35～44岁、45-54岁、55-64岁、65-74岁、75岁以上年龄组男性、女性的患病率分别为20．7％、30．6％、41．6％、62．8％、71．7％和15．2％、27．3％、36．8％、56．5％、62．7％。在参加者中，对高血压7种危险因素（遗传、肥胖、年龄、缺乏锻炼、吸烟、饮酒、高盐摄入）的知晓率分别为7．0％、8．7％、21．8％、9．4％、1．3％、7．3％、1．5％。21．5％的高血压患者和15．1％血压正常者知道他们自己的血压值，仅有3．1％的高血压患者和2．2％的血压正常者知道正常血压值。结论本次调查的结果表明，安徽省农村地区成年人群高血压的患病率非常高，对高血压危险因素和高血压相关知识的知晓率非常低。应该采取全面的高血压预防控制措施，并提高对高血压危险因素和相关知识的知晓率。

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension,to determine awareness of rural adult population on hypertension risk factors in the Anhui province and to provide scientific basis for preventing and controling hypertension in the rural area of Anhui Province. Method A total of 2091 adults, aged 35 and above, participated in the survey. The blood pressure measurement was obtained by trained observers by use of a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer. Information on demographic characteristics and the awareness on hypertension risk factors were obtained by use of a structured questionnaire. Results Overall, 36.11% of the rural adults had hypertension. The age-specific prevalence of hypertension for 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years, 65 to 74 years, and 75 years and above were 20.7%, 30.6%, 41.6%, 62.8%, and 71.7% in men and 15.2%, 27.3%, 36.8%, 56.5% and 62.7% in women, respectively. Among participants, the awareness rate of seven risk factors of hypertension： inheritance, obesity, age, little exercise, smoking, alcohol, high salt was 7.0%, 8.7%, 21.8%, 9.4%, 1.3%, 7.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Only 21.5% of hypertensive adults and 15.1% of normotensive adults knew their BP values, and 3.1% of hypertensive adults and 2.2% of normotensive adults knew the normal BP values. Conclusion Our results indicated that hypertension was highly prevalent in Anhui province. The percentages of adults who were aware of hypertension risk factors and knowledge on hypertension were unacceptably low. The awareness of hypertension should be improved and comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent hypertension in the rural population of Anhui Province.