表示排除关系的隐性形式

Hidden form of expressing the relation of exception

表示排除关系,现代汉语只用介词“除”引进被排除对象,古代汉语还允许用“谓词语块+被排除对象”的隐性形式。同时,在词层面,被排除对象活用为谓词语块时也可以构成排除关系。通过对这种隐括用法的分类例释,可以揭示其隐显变换的对应规律,进而证实排除关系与强调关系及对立统一的内因。

To express the exception relation, the modem Chinese only use the preposition ＂except＂ to express the excepted object, but the ancient Chinese also uses the hidden form of ＂predicate phrase ＋ excepted object＂. At the same time, if we change the excepted object into using predicate phrase, it also can form the relation of exception. Through classified explaining and exampling the hidden usage, this article reveals the correspondence principle of the hidden change and tells us the relation of exception and particular relation, and the inside reason of unity and opposite.