伦理话语中的古希腊城邦——亚里士多德城邦理念的伦理解读

The polis of ancient Greek in ethical words ——Ethical explanation of polis idea of Aristotle

亚里士多德对公正德性的探讨却以理想的城邦共同体为背景,他设计的城邦是自然的伦理实体,而德性的生活是其形式或自然目的。城邦像一个有机体,但不是一个有机体。城邦优先于公民,公民对城邦负有义务。但公民作为伦理成员,有着广泛的伦理权利。因而,城邦的伦理秩序不是完全国家主义的齐一划秩序,而是以伦理实体为基础的自由平等的合作秩序。城邦公民是自由的个体,公民之间相互平等。

Exploration of Aristotle to the virtue of justice is under the background of ideal polis communlity. The polis that Aristotle de- signs is a natural ethic entity with virtue life as its form or natural aim. The polis just likes an organism but not an organism. The polis has precedence over citizens, and citizens are under obligations to the polls. But citizens as the ethic member have abroad ethic rights. So the ethic order of the polis is not a uniform one of whole nationalism, but a cooperative one based on free and equal citizens with the ethic entity as its core. The polls citizens are free individuals, and they are equal each other.