均衡发展:义务教育异化的超越

Balanced Development:Exceeding the Alienation of Compulsory Education's Uneven Development

我国的基础教育非均衡发展虽满足了特定国情下对人才培养效率的特殊要求,但随着社会发展和变迁,非均衡发展却在一定程度上损害了义务教育的普及性、公共性和公平性等本质特性,构成了对义务教育的异化。从根本上讲,我国社会发展的不均衡是根本原因,在社会发展总体不均衡的大背景下,制度性因素和非制度性因素共同造成了我国义务教育非均衡发展的异化状态。公平性,是均衡发展的理论基础,均衡发展不仅需要相应的制度作为保障,同时也需要对非制度性因素给予适当关照;不仅要追求宏观均衡的目标,同时也要努力实现义务教育的微观均衡;并且,必须在努力实现均衡的同时也要兼顾多元的教育需求,这是超越义务教育异化的现实路径。

Although compulsory education＇s uneven development once met the special needs in China,it does harm to the equity, commonality and dissemination with the development of society, and it even alienates the compulsory education. The uneven development of the society is the essential cause, while both equilibrium and non- equilibrium factors affects education＇s development directly or indirectly. Equity is the base of the theory of education＇ s balanced development. To realize compulsory education＇s balanced development,attention must be paid both to equilibrium and non- equilibrium factors, macrocosmic and microcosmic balance. In addition,we should make efforts to meet the multiole needs in compulsory education.