某矿区居民经饮用水途径铅暴露的调查

Investigation of Lead Exposure From Drinking Water Among Residents in a Mining Area

目的探讨某矿区居民从饮用水途径获得的铅暴露水平。方法选择出产铁矿、铅锌矿以及金矿的某矿区所坐落的自然村为调查村,该自然村居民饮用水为自备井水,随机选取该村20户家庭为调查点,于2004年11月、2005年4月和2005年8月分别在每户家庭采集0.5L饮用水检测饮用水中铅浓度的变化,以实验室的自来水作为对照水样。饮用水中铅浓度依据《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》(2001)进行评价。同时,采用24h回忆问询法结合容器称量法对20户家庭的成年女性进行饮用水摄入量调查,连续进行3d。结果2004年11月、2005年4月和2005年8月采集的饮用水铅浓度(x±s)分别为(18.29±10.83)、(42.74±36.36)和(30.33±16.75)μg/L,均高于对照水样犤(2.99±1.13)μg/L犦,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2004年11月水样铅含量和2005年4月水样铅含量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3次采样显示,居民平均每日通过饮水途径摄入的铅分别为32.19、100.04和63.70μg/d,分别是对照(5.98μg/d)的5.38、16.73和10.65倍。结论该矿区居民饮用水铅暴露量较高,居民健康已经受到铅污染的威胁。

Objective To analyze the change of lead content in the drinking water, assess the lead exposure levels of the residents caused by drinking water and present a scientific clue for preventing lead poisoning of local children. Methods 20 female residents in the area were randomly selected as the interviewes. Their drinking water was sampled and the data of individual daily intake of drinking water was collected. Lead content in the water was determined, Results The average level of lead content （x±s） in the water in three different sampling time was （ 18.29±10.83）μg/L, （42.74±36.36）μg/L and （30.33±16.75）μg/L. They were 6.12, 14.29 and 10.14 tirnes of the control[（2.99±1.13） μg/L] respectively. Significant change among waler lead contents sampled in November, 2004 and April, 2005 was observed （P〈0.01）. The average daily lead exposure in three sampling time was 32.19 μg/d, 100.04 μg/d and 63.70 μg/d. They were 5.38, 16.73 and 10.65 times of the control（5.98 μg/d） respectively. Conclusion The lead content in the local drinking water and lead exposure levels of residents caused by drinking water are higher in this mining area, the heahh of local residents has been facing the impaet of lead.