三峡库区涪陵段库底卫生清理效果

Bottom Clearance Effect in Fuling Section of Three Gorges Reservoir

目的探讨三峡水库涪陵段库底卫生清理的方法并评价效果。方法于2002年5—12月开展涪陵区库底卫生清理,范围为坝前135m抵抗20a一遇洪水回水线(又称二期迁移线)以下的库底。库底卫生清理对象分为一般性污染源(5882座)和传染性污染源(68座)。一般性污染源包括1786座畜厩、2316座粪池、233座化粪池、188座沼气池、202座公共厕所、1157座普通坟墓;传染性污染源包括22家医疗卫生机构和18座医院垃圾、13座屠宰场、5座兽医站、4座牲畜交易所、6座传染病疫源地、因传染病死亡的人畜墓地。灭鼠与鼠密度监测的范围包括拆迁区、耕作区、人群居住地、仓库、码头、垃圾堆等场所共1308.62×104m2。主要采用生石灰搅拌、净土回填、漂白粉消毒等方法。结果完成全部库底卫生清理对象的卫生清理工作。灭鼠前农耕区、城市拆迁区鼠密度分别为3.97%和2.97%,灭鼠后农耕区、城市拆迁区鼠密度分别为0.65%和0.33%,分别下降83.63%和88.89%。结论通过库底卫生清理,清除了移民区的传染性污染源和一般性污染源,减少了污染源对三峡水体的污染;通过灭鼠工作的开展,降低了鼠密度,控制了鼠介传染病的流行。

Objective To analyze and evaluate the related data of bottom clearance in Fuling section of Three Gorges Reservoir. Methods Bottom clearance in Fuling section of Three Gorges Reservoir was carried out in Fuling district during the period from May to December in 2002. All the data related to clearance were collected before and after the bottom clearance. Based on the collected data, the effect of clearance was assessed. Results 5 882 general pollution sources, 68 contagion pollution sources were cleaned in Fuling district, the clearance rates of both were 100%. The rat densities in agriculture areas and the dismantling cities were 3.97% and 2.97% respectively before rat extinguishment, then became 0.65% and 0.33% after rat extinguishment. Conclusion Through the bottom clearance of Three Gorges Reservoir, contagion and general pollution sources in the emigrant areas have been cleaned up, so water pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir and the rats mediated diseases have been prevented and controlled.