洪河自然保护区春秋季节鸟类多样性比较

Comparison of Bird Diversity during Spring and Autumn in Honghe Nature Reserve

1995年和2004年,对洪河自然保护区春、秋季节不同生境类型(林地、灌丛、草甸)鸟类多样性进行了统计和分析。两年对35个样方进行了3640次观察,共记录到鸟类96种5948只,种群密度为1．8286只/hm^2。其中：春季记录到3712只,秋季记录到2236只。鸟类多样性表现为：春季(H=3．9254)＞秋季(H=3．5934)；3种生境中鸟类多样性为草句＞灌丛＞林地。1995年春季,不同生境类型中鸟类多样性指数：林地4．2745,灌丛4．3023,草甸4．6120；秋季多样性指数：林地3．0933,灌丛3．9608,草甸3．8851。2004年春季,不同生境类型中鸟类多样性指数：林地3．5958,灌丛3．3835,草甸3．8338；秋季多样性指数：林地3．1839,灌丛3．6482,草甸3．7888。1995年各生境多样性指数均高于2004年。两年鸟类均匀性指数表现为秋季(E=0．8014)＞春季(E=0．7750)；3种生境中鸟类均匀性指数表现为草甸(E=0．8401)＞灌丛(E=0．7872)＞林地(E=0．7373)。1995年鸟类均匀性指数为：春季(E=0．7858)＞秋季(E=0．7679)；不同生境类型鸟类均匀性指数为草甸(E=0．8255)＞灌丛(E=0．7850)＞林地(E=0．7202)；2004年鸟类均匀性指数为：秋季(E=0．8348)＞春季(E=0．7641),各生境类型鸟类均匀性指数为草甸(E=0．8547)＞灌丛(E=0．7893)＞林地(E=0．7544)。2004年鸟类均匀性指数(E=0．7995)高于1995年(E=0．7769)。

The bird diversity of different habitat types （ woodlands, shrubs and grasslands） was recorded and analysed during spring and autumn in both 1995 and 2004. 35 sampling plots were surveyed for 3 640 times and 96 bird species of 5 948 individuals were recorded. The population density was 1. 828 6 individuals per hectare, and 3 712 and 2 236 individuals were recorded during spring and autumn respectively. The bird species diversity in spring （3. 924 5 ） was higher than that in autumn （3. 593 4）. However, the bird species diversities in all the habitat types showed that grasslands 〉 shrubs 〉 woodlands. The diversity indices of bird species for woodlands, shrubs and grasslands in 1995 were 4. 274 5, 4. 302 3 and 4.612 0, respectively during spring, and were 3. 093 3, 3. 960 8 and 3. 885 1, respectively during autumn; while those for woodlands, shrubs and grasslands in 2004 were 3. 595 8, 3.383 5 and 3. 833 8, respectively during spring, and were 3. 183 9, 3. 648 2 and 3. 788 8, respectively during autumn. Consequently, the bird diversity indices of all habitat types in 1995 are higher than that in 2004. In addition, the evenness index in autumn （0.801 4） were higher than that in spring （0.775 0）, and showed that grasslands （0.840 1 ） 〉 shrubs （0.787 2） 〉 woodlands （0.737 3 ）. The evenness index of bird species during spring（0.785 8）was higher than that during autumn（0.767 9 ）in 1995, and showed that grasslands （0. 825 5 ） 〉 shrubs （0. 785 0） 〉 woodlands（0. 720 2） ; while that in 2004 showed that autumn （0. 834 8 ） 〉 spring （0. 764 1）, and grasslands（0.8547） 〉 shrubs（0.789 3） 〉 woodlands（0.7544）. It is concluded that the evenness index of bird species in 2004 （0.799 5 ） is higher than that in 1995 （0. 776 9）.