不同沟灌模式对沙漠绿洲区葡萄生长和水分利用的效应

Effects of different furrow irrigation modes on grape growth and water use in oasis region

在甘肃河西荒漠绿洲区研究了覆膜与不覆膜条件下隔沟交替灌溉、常规沟灌对葡萄生长和水分利用的影响.结果表明,隔沟交替灌溉可以保证作物一部分根区处于比较湿润状态,另一部分根区处于相对干燥状态,湿润与干燥区域的交替出现可诱导葡萄的补偿生长效应.隔沟交替灌溉条件下葡萄叶片气孔开度减小,光合速率略有降低或下降不显著,而蒸腾速率明显下降,水分利用效率增大.光合作用日变化也表现出类似规律.隔沟交替灌溉与地膜覆盖技术相结合能显著提高水分利用效率,为在田间实施气孔最优化调控提供了一种有效途径.

In this paper, a field experiment was conducted in the oasis region of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province to study the effects of alternate partial root zone furrow irrigation （AFI） and conventional furrow irrigation （CFI） on grape growth and water use under mulching and no mulching. The results indicated that AM, either mulching or no mulching, could alternately keep a part of root zone drying and another part of it wetting, which induced the compensative growth of grape. Under AM, more leaf stomas closed. The photosynthesis rate was less affected, but the transpiration rate decreased obviously, and the water use efficiency increased. It was suggested that AFI, especially combined with film mulching, could regulate the behaviors of leaf stoma, and promote grape growth and water use, being an effective approach in cultivating grape in the field.