农田生态系统服务功能及其形成机制

Farmland ecosystem service and its formation mechanism

农田生态系统作为人类社会存在和发展的基础,其服务功能对人类的可持续发展具有现实而深远的影响.本文综述了农田生态系统服务功能的内涵及评价方法,从农田生态系统非生物环境特征、生物特征、生态过程和人类活动影响等4个方面对农田生态系统服务功能形成机制的研究现状进行了归纳和分析,认为:1)农田生态系统除具有巨大的产品服务功能价值外,还具有巨大的环境服务功能价值和维持区域生态安全价值;2)农田生态系统非生物环境特征、生物特征和生态过程及其相互作用是农田生态系统服务功能形成的基础,人类活动是其形成的最根本的驱动力;3)应加快构建能体现农田生态系统特征的服务功能评价指标体系.同时,应加强人类活动对农田生态系统非产品服务功能形成机制影响方面的研究.

Farmland ecosystem service has a real and far-reaching effect on the sustainable development of human society, and its study is one of the hotspots in ecology. This paper introduced the connotations of farmland ecosystem service and its valuation methodology, and summarized the present status in researching the formation mechanism of farmland ecosystem service from the aspects of the characteristics of abiotic environment, biota, ecosystem process, and human activity. It＇s considered that besides its importance in supplying human society a great number of products, farmland ecosystem is of significance in providing environmental service and maintaining regional ecological safety. Abiotic environment, biota, ecosystem process, and their interactions are the bases of the formation of farmland ecosystem service, and human activity is the primary driving force. It＇s imperative to build up an indices system to valuate farmland ecosystem service, and to strengthen the research of the effects of human activity on the farmland ecosystem service formation.