西藏典型冰湖溃决型泥石流的初步研究

Preliminary study on debris flow induced by glacier lake outburst in Tibet

西藏地区冰川面积约为35000km2,是我国现代冰川分布最多的地区,也是现代冰湖分布最多的地区。在现代冰川前进或跃动、冰舌断裂、冰湖岸坡出现崩塌或滑坡、温度骤然增加导致冰川融化加速、湖口向源侵蚀加剧、坝体下部管涌引起塌陷等诸多可能因素的影响下易造成冰湖溃决,出现洪水、稀性泥石流、粘性泥石流等危害方式,造成的灾害远远大于由降水引发的泥石流灾害,常常形成危害严重的地质灾害链。

There is about 35,000 km^2 glacier in Tibet, which is the largest area of modern glacier distribution in China, as well as modern glacier lake distribution. Some factors, including advancing or jumping of modern glacier, breaking of ice lobe, rock fall or landslide at bank of glacier lake, accelerated thawing of glacier induced by fast increase of temperature, aggravating corrosion of bayou, collapse induced by piping under the dam etc, can cause failure of glacial lake, resulting in flood, sparse debris flow and thick debris flow hazards. The disaster is more than those caused by rainfall, and often occurs as hazard chains.