小麦多基因聚合体YW243的改良与利用

Improvement and Utilization of the Wheat Line YW243 with Multi-resistance Genes

YW243是兼抗白粉、黄矮、三锈5种病害的普通小麦新种质。将其与农艺性状优良的丰产品种进行回交转育,选育出丰产、抗病的小麦新品系CB031、CB032、CB034和CB035。对这些新品系与YW243及回交亲本的抗性、品质、丰产性进行鉴定、比较分析,并用分子标记解析它们抗病性的遗传基础及其决定品质的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成。结果表明,CB031是抗白粉病高产小麦新品系,至少含抗白粉病基因Pm2+6和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1,7+9,2+12;CB032和CB034均为白粉病、条锈病免疫的小麦新品系,CB032至少含抗白粉病基因Pm2+Pm4+Pm21、抗条锈病基因YrX4个基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+9,2+12;CB034至少含Pm21基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+9,5+10;CB035为免疫白粉病的优质小麦新品系,至少含Pm2+6+Pm21基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+8,2+12。CB031、CB032、CB034和CB035的穗粒性状、千粒重和株高等农艺性状均较YW243有所改善。YW243是一个优良性状易于遗传、不良性状易于改造的育种亲本,有良好的应用前景。

YW243 is a new wheat lines carrying multi-resistance to powdery mildew, yellow dwarf virus and three rusts. Four lines including CB031, CB032, CB034, CB035 with high yield and good disease resistance were developed by crosses between YW243 and some cultivars with elite agronomic characters. The resistance, resistance genes, grain quality, HWM- GSs and yield of these four lines were analyzed and compared with those of YW243 and the backcrossed parents. The results showed that CB031 possessed genes Pm2 ＋ 6 controlling the resistance to powdery mildew and HMW-GSs of 1, 7 ＋ 9, 2 ＋ 12. CB032 possessed powdery mildew resistance genes Pm4 ＋ Pm2 ＋ 6 ＋ Pm21, at lest a stripe rust resistance gene YrX on 2BL and HMW-GSs of 7 ＋ 9, 2 ＋ 12.The resistance genes Pm21 and HMW-GSs of 7 ＋ 9, 5 ＋ 10 were detected in CB034. CB035 possessed Pm2 ＋ 6 ＋ Pm21 , HMW-GSs of 7 ＋ 8, 2 ＋ 12. CB031 showed resistance to powdery mildew. CB032 showed immunity to powdery mildew and high resistance to there rusts. CB034 showed immunity to powdery mildew and stripe rust. The agronomic characters of these new lines, including kernel characters, ear characters, plant height, yield and quality, were improved compared with those of YW243. The study suggested that the wheat line YW243 is an available resistant parent in wheat breeding program against disease as its good characters could be inherited easily, while its undesirable characters could be improved easily.