甘蓝型油菜三体、双三体和双四体的形态和细胞学特征

Morphological and Cytological Characterizations of Trisomics,Double Trisomics and Double Tetrasomics in Brassica napus

从甘蓝型油菜品种“Oro”×诸葛菜杂交后的一个混倍体杂种（2n=19～37）的小孢子再生植株中鉴定出1株2n=42的植株，此混倍体不含有诸葛菜染色体，故2n=42植株的细胞内没有诸葛菜染色体。用其花粉授予“Oro”后获得2n：39、40的植株。2n=39、40、42植株PMCs内染色体的主要配对方式分别为19Ⅱ＋1Ⅰ、19Ⅱ＋2Ⅰ和19Ⅱ＋2Ⅱ，后期Ⅰ的分离方式分别为20：19、21：19和21：21。故2n=39、40、42为甘蓝型油菜的三体、双三体、双四体。最后讨论了这些种内非整倍体材料在油菜遗传研究中的意义。

One plant （2n = 42） was identified among the microspore-derived plants from one Brassica napus cv. Oro × Orychophragmus violaceus hybrid （2n = 19 - 37）, in which no O. violaceus chromosomes were detected, so the plant has only B. napus chromosomes. After Oro was pollinated with the pollen grains from the plant, progeny plants （2n = 39, 40） were produced. Meiotic pairing configurations of the plants （2n = 39, 40, 42） were mainly 19 Ⅱ ＋ 1 Ⅰ , 19 Ⅱ ＋ 2 Ⅰ and 21 Ⅱ , and segregations at anaphase I were 20： 19, 21 ： 19 and 21：21, respectively. Thus the plants （2n = 39, 40, 42） were trisomies, double trisomies and double tetrasomies of Brassica napus, respectively. Finally implications of these new aneuploids in rapeseed genetic researches were discussed.