保险人针对未如实告知的救济权利的法律分析

我国《保险法》未对保险合同的撤销权和保险合同解除权进行区分。《保险法》第17条规定，投保人未履行如实告知义务时保险人享有保险合同的解除权。该规定导致保险人在被保险人或受益人索赔保险金前只关心收取保险费，在保险事故发生后，保险人千方百计寻求投保人未如实告知的情形以解除保险合同。根据目前《保险法》之规定，被保险人通过保险获得保障的目的处于一种不确定状态。笔者认为，因投保人不如实告知订立的保险合同是意思表示不真实的合同，属于可以撤销的合同，而非可以解除之保险合同。保险人因此只享有保险合同的撤销权，而非保险合同的解除权。根据《合同法》之规定，保险人必需在知道或应当知道撤销事由之日起1年内行使该撤销权。否则，保险人的撤销权消灭，保险合同始终有效。

There is no difference between the right of revoking and terminating an insurance contract in Insurance Law of China. Insurer is entitled to terminate the insurance contract when the insured makes misrepresentations in accordance with clause 17 of the Insurance Law. As a result, insurers care only about acquiring premiums before a claim is made by the insured or by the beneficiary. When the covered events insured occurrs, the insurer will exhaust all means to terminate the insurance contract. According to the Insurance Law, the aim that the insured gets protected through an insurance contract is uncertain. Insurer can only revoke the insurance contract when the insured makes misrepresentations instead of finding clues of misrepresentation in order to terminate the contract. The insurer must revoke the insurance contract within one year after he knows or should know of the misrepresentations according to the Contract Law. Otherwise, the insurer＇s right of revoking will expire and the insurance contract will remain valid.