对职业中毒病人实施健康教育的效果评价

Effective evaluation of health education for patients with occupational poisoning

目的评价对职业中毒病人开展健康教育的效果,为完善教育模式提供依据。方法对125例职业中毒病人采取个别指导、集体讲座、文字宣传和收看录像、幻灯等形式开展规范、系统的健康教育。通过问卷调查比较病人在教育前后健康知识、态度和行为得分及对医疗服务满意度的变化。结果病人在健康教育前后知识、态度得分差异显著,行为得分总体变化不明显;在健康教育后,女性相关态度和行为改变均显著高于男性;高年龄组在教育前知识得分显著高于低年龄组,在教育后知信行指标也较高,但与教育前比较无显著性差异;不同文化程度的病人,知识得分在教育前后、态度得分在教育后差异显著,行为得分在教育前后组间差异均不明显。结论医院健康教育能够有效提高病人相关知识水平、改善对疾病的态度,但不能显著改变行为;教育效果受性别、年龄和文化程度的影响。因此,在健康教育中,应针对病人的具体情况,确定相应的教育方法、内容和强度,进行持续的教育和行为干预,以取得更好的效果。

Objective To evaluate the effects of health education for patients with occupational poisoning and put forward to foundation for perfecting health education patterns. Methods Formal and systeroic health education was developed among 125 patients with occupational poisoning, such as single instruction, public lecture, traditional form, foul timedia and so on. A questionnaire survey was conducted to compare the change of health knowledge, attitude, behavior and satisfaction to medical service before and after health education. Results Alter health education, patient＇s health knowledge and attitude had a rapid improvement, but change of behavior was not obvious; The change of attitude and behavior of women was more obvious than that of men. The elderly＇s score of knowledge was higher than the youngster ＇ s before health education. Alter health education, the KAP were also in high level, but the change wasn＇ t significant. The knowledge and attitude of patients with different level of civilization had significant difference before and after health education. Conclusion Health education is effect to improve knowledge and attitude among patients with occupation poisoning.