清末上海剧场演变的轨迹

Evolution of Theaters in Shanghai in Late Qing Dynasty

上海是近代中西文化交汇的中心,上海剧场形态在清朝末期的发展演变经历了两次大的变化。第一次是由酒馆式剧场转变为茶园式剧场,主要是接受了北京剧场形态的影响,变化的动力来自中华民族文化自身,主要是民族文化内部交流的结果,西方的影响是潜移默化的。第二次演变是由“茶园式”剧场转变为“西式”剧场,这明显地是接受西方影响的结果。中华民族戏剧文化是一种“杂文化”形态,西方戏剧文化则是一种“纯文化”,上海剧场在清末演变的轨迹正是“杂文化”向“纯文化”方向发展的体现。

Shanghai is the delta where oriental and occidental cultures meet with each other. This paper is to, from the perspective of Shanghai＇s theatre pattern evolution in late Qing Dynasty, explore the cultural exchanges between China and the western w nessed two significant changes in Shanghai＇s theatre world. It is believed that late Qing Dynasty has witpatterns, i.e. , the change from pub-like theaters to teahouse-like ones and the change from teahouse-like theaters to occidental patterns. The former change, whose motive power comes principally from Chinese traditional culture and also the interior cultural exchanges, and which has been exerted a subtle influence by western culture, can find its origin in the pattern of Beijing＇s theater, while the latter change was directly brought about by occidental culture. Chinese theater culture is a sort of hybrid culture while western culture is a sort of pure culture. The evolution of theaters in Shanghai in late Qing Dynasty is just a living fossil of hybrid culture transforming into pure one.