二水草酸钙的形成及其对尿路结石的防治

The factors favoring calcium oxalate dihydrate formation and its theoretical significance on preventing and curing urinary stones

二水草酸钙(COD)是泌尿系结石的主要成分之一,其成核、生长和聚集过程与尿石的形成密切相关。本文结合我们近年来的工作,综述了生物膜及其模拟膜对COD的调控作用,尿大分子、焦磷酸盐、多磷酸盐、柠檬酸、酒石酸及表面活性剂等尿小分子的诱导作用,过饱和度、化学计量条件、pH值、离子强度、温度等体系参数对COD形成的影响;讨论了COD的形貌、晶面电荷及其与细胞膜粘附的研究进展。从临床上预防和治疗草酸钙结石的角度,综述了有利于COD形成的因素。

Calcium oxalate dihydrate（COD）is one of the main compositions of urinary stones. The nucleation, growth and aggregation of COD are related to stone formation. Combined with our recent work, the research progress about COD was reviewed in this paper. The important points were focused on the modulation of COD crystal by biological membranes and organized molecular membranes, the induction of COD by urinary macromolecules and small molecules such as pyrophosphate, pelyphosphate, citric acid, tartaric acid and surfactants,and the influence of solution parameters such as the supersaturation of calcium oxalate,the molar ratio of calcium/oxalate, pH,ionic strength and temperature, etc. The morphology, crystal face charges and the adherence to cellular membrane of COD were also discussed. In the point of preventing and curing calcium oxalate stones clinically, the factors crystals were emphatically discussed.