从藏族人口变迁看新中国人口政策对藏族生殖权和发展权的保护

Recognizing Protection of Tibetan Reproductive Right and Development Right from the Transition of Tibetan Population

藏族人口在现、当代的变迁以解放前、后最为显著。解放前的人口状况阻碍了藏区社会经济发展,人口的生殖权和发展权无从实现。解放后,制定了对藏族人口发展的政策,人口的生殖权和发展权得到充分保障。但是,人口长期的过快、过度增长已对藏区的经济、社会、环境、资源带来压力。生殖权是家庭的主观意愿与社会要求的统一,生殖权应与发展权相协调。所以,调整和实行符合藏区客观实际的人口计划生育政策,是对藏族生殖权和发展权的完善和保护。

The transition of Tibetan population was more obvious before and after the peaceful liberation. That is, before the peaceful liberation, the status of population hindered the social economic development of Tibet and reproductive and development rights were never realized. After the peaceful liberation, policies toward Tibetan population development have been developed and reproductive and development rights of the population have fully been guaranteed. Nevertheless, the long term, rapid, and excessive increase of the population have brought pressure to Tibet＇s economy, society, environment, and resources. Reproductive rights depend on a combination of families＇ subjective wishes and social demands. Therefore they should be coordinated with development rights. Moreover, adjusting and implementing birth control polices that are suitable to actual Tibetan situation should be considered to improve and protect the reproductive and development rights of Tibet.