元代冗官述论

Discussion on Official Redundancy in the Yuan Dynasty

元代冗官,不仅普遍存在,还以官府名目繁多重叠、多员制泛滥和高官剧增肆虐于政坛,从而成为继两宋以后又一个官府冗滥甚为突出的时期。蒙、汉政治文化二元体制下的汉地官与蒙古游牧官的拼加混合,直接导致了官府叠床架屋。蒙古忽里台贵族会议旧俗和统治者视官爵如赏赐的放纵政策,又为多员制泛滥和高官剧增推波助澜。蒙古皇室贵族及怯薛近侍等在冗官浪潮中扮演了不光彩的角色。

In the Yuan Dynasty, the problem of official redundancy was general, which expressed itself in the following aspects of political life. the items of governments were various and overlapping; the system of multi-official spread superfluously; high officials increased drastically. So after the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty became another period, in which the superfluous governments were rather outstanding. Under the Mongolian-Chinese dualistic system of politics and culture, the mixture of Chinese and Mongolian officials, resulted in the needless repetition of governments directly. The traditional Mongolian custom of Quriltai noble councils and the immoderation of rulers＇ bestowing offices and titles as largess, developed the multi-official system further and increased the number of high officials drastically. Furthermore, Mongolian imperial nobles and Keshig attendants played inglorious parts in the tide of official redundancy.