经济学对市场机制的证伪

The Falsification of Market Mechanism in Economics

20世纪波普尔提出了他对科学的分界标准:“衡量一种理论的科学地位的是它的可证伪性或可反驳性或可检验性。”从亚当.斯密提出“看不见的手”的假说之后,市场机制经历了经济学从理论上、社会发展从实践上进行的种种证伪。始于20世纪20年代的关于计划经济是否可行的大论战、随后发生的世界经济大萧条及凯恩斯革命、市场失灵的有关理论,都是对市场机制作用的证伪。事实上,对市场机制的证伪是不成功的,这表明尽管市场机制有缺陷,但它仍然是现有的配置资源的最好方式。

In the 20th century, Potter proposed his criterion of demarcation for science ： ＂The criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability. ＂ Since Adam Smith put forward the hypothesis of the ＂invisible hand＂, market mechanism has undergone various falsifications in theory by economics, and in practice by social development. Among them are the heated debate on the feasibility of planned economy beginning in the 1920s, and theories related to the subsequent depression of the world economy, the Keynesian Revolution and market failure. In reality, the falsifications have been unsuccessful, which illustrates that despite its drawbacks, market mechanism is still the best mode of resource allocation presently available.