聚合物的静电纺丝

Electrospinning of Polymers

静电纺丝法是聚合物溶液或熔体在静电作用下进行喷射拉伸而获得纳米级纤维的纺丝方法。由纳米纤维制得的无纺布,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、纤维精细程度与均一性高、长径比大等优点,从而赋予了静电纺丝纤维广泛的应用前景,它已在国内外引起了广泛的关注。本文介绍了静电纺丝的装置、基本原理及静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展,同时也叙述了其在各个领域的应用,最后展望了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的发展方向及前景。

Electrospinning is recognized as a new processing method to prepare nanofibers by emitting and stretching of polymer solution or melts under the electric field. The electrospun textiles possess many advantages such as small pore size, high surface area, very small and even diameters, and high ratios between lengths to diameter, which endow the electrospun nanofibers a broad application. Presently, the study of electrospinning nanofibers has received much attention around the world. In this paper, the equipments of electrospinning, the basic principles of electrospinning, and the research development of electrospun nanofibers were reviewed. Meanwhile, the applications of the electrospun nanofibers in many fields were introduced. At last, the development directions and foregrounds of the electrospun nanofibers were prospected.