海湾资源开发的累积生态效应研究

Cumulative Ecological Effects Assessment on Resource Exploitation and Utilization in Bay

通过相关性分析,筛选了地形地貌环境、水动力环境、水质和沉积质量环境、生物生态环境、景观环境等方面的累积效应以及对灾害的潜在诱发效应共六大类作为海湾资源开发累积生态效应的指示因子;然后以厦门海湾为例对各指示因子的累积效应深入分析;最后应用灰色评估模型对海湾常见资源开发类型的累积生态影响效应进行赋值评估。结果表明,六大类指示因子在时间和空间尺度上的累积效应与海湾资源的开发利用强度呈正相关关系;海湾资源开发利用的累积生态效应,在一定程度上改变了海湾资源与环境体系的结构,生物多样性降低,景观破碎,影响了自然海湾生态系统的生产力和生态服务功能,最终将影响沿海可持续发展能力。建议开发利用强度较大的海湾,借鉴生态城市的规划建设理念,布局合理的生态源、生态嵌块、生态廊道,防止资源开发利用不断加大而导致海域生态沙漠的出现。

The cumulative ecological effects（CEE） of natural resource exploitation and utilization in bay,including accumulative action of the same characteristic effects and cooperative action of different characteristic effects,has brought about rapid changes in productivity and eco-service function of bay ecosystem.Base on fuzzy-correlation analysis,six indices,which are cumulative effects on topographical and geomorphological environment,water dynamical environment,water and sediment quality environment,ecological environment,landscape environment,and the potential incurrence effect on disaster,are selected as indices of CCE in bay.The grey model（GM） of CCE assessment is built and applied to monitor the cumulative effects arising from regular resource exploitation and utilization in bay,and Xiamen Bay is taken as a study case.The result indicated that the six indices of CCE in bay are pro-correlated with intensity of resource exploitation and utilization,while wetland area reduction,coastal topographical and geomorphological change,water quality and sediment quality deterioration,bio-diversity decrease, landscape pattern break,etc.,are caused mostly by resource exploitation and utilization.And the score of GM assessment on Xiamen Bay in the 50 years is 0.56,which can be taken as a reference background of CCE in bay.This result of CCE has led to changes in the structure of resource and environment system in bay to a certain extent,consequently,the intensity and frequency of disaster and potential loss is increasing,the productivity and eco-service function of natural ecosystem is impaired,and the sustainability of development will be limited eventually.It is suggested that pattern of eco-city planning should be referred to and rational distribution of eco-source,eco-patch and eco-passage shoule be ecological desert in the sea sector due to constant practised so as to prevent the occurrence of increase in resources utilization.