木霉菌和毛壳菌对板栗疫病的抗生作用

Antagonism of Trichoderma and Chaetomium against chestnut blight caused by Cryphonecria parasitica

哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianumT88菌株、深绿木霉T.atrovorideT95菌株和螺旋毛壳Chaetomium spiraleND35菌株与板栗疫病菌Cryphonectria parasiticaLY菌株的平板对峙培养结果表明,木霉菌对营养和空间有强烈的竞争作用,表现在可使病原菌菌丝消解,对病菌菌丝的生长有明显的抑制作用;毛壳菌生长速度较慢,但可形成抑菌带,使病菌不扩展。室内水培枝条接种试验结果表明,接种拮抗菌的拮抗效果好,而且先接种拮抗菌后接种病原菌的处理比拮抗菌和病原菌同时接种的处理效果还好,毛壳菌没有木霉菌的作用明显。接种枝条的木霉菌、毛壳菌和病原菌的再分离结果表明,T95和ND35的定殖能力强。

The results of Trichoderma harzianum （T88）, T. atrovoride （T95） and Chaetomium spirale（ND35） in dual culture with Cryphonectria parasitica （LY）showed that T88 and T95 strongly competed with C. parasitica for the space and nutrient, the pathogenic hyphae was dissolved and its growth was inhabited. The results also showed that Ch. spirale with a low growth competed with C. parasitica for the space and nutrient, the pathogenic hyphae was not enlarged and formed the inhibition belt obviously. The artificial inoculation test revealed that C. parasitica incidence of chestnut shoots inoculated with Trichoderma was obviously reduced, and the inoculation of C. parasitica after that of Trichoderma had better effect than the simultaneous inoculation. Ch. spirale has the same effect with Trichoderrna. The reisolation test of Trichoderma, Ch. spirale and C. parasitica in the inoculated shoots showed that T95 and ND35 had the strong ability of colony.