莫斯科中山大学停办原因论析

The Factors Leading to the Closing Down of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow

莫斯科中山大学成立于1925年,是苏联专门为中国国民党和共产党培训干部而设立的高等院校,国共两党的许多重要人物都曾在此留学。莫斯科中山大学是苏联、中国国民党和共产党三方合作背景下的产物,其兴衰起伏与中共、国民党和苏联三方的关系以及中苏两国关系的发展变化紧密相联。20世纪20年代后期,中国国内革命形势发生急剧变化,国共合作最终破裂,中国国民政府与苏联的关系也日趋冷淡。中国革命形势以及中苏关系的剧变对莫斯科中山大学产生强烈的负面影响,直接导致中山大学生源严重不足。加之莫斯科中山大学自身也存在一系列严重问题,如资金投入与人才产出的失衡、中国留学生托洛茨基反对派的活动、清党运动等一系列事件的综合作用,最终导致这所在留苏教育史、中苏关系史和中国近现代史上都具有一定地位和影响的学校于1930年停办。

Founded in 1925, Sun Yat - sen University in Moscow is run for the purpose of training cadres for the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. Many celebrated personages from both parties study there. The university is a fruition of the threesided co-operatlon between the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party and its ebb and flow reflect the changes in their relations and the bilateral relationship between the two countries. In the later years of the 1920＇s the situation in China changes violently leading the break of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. At the same time the Sino-Soviet relations gradually cool down. All these factors exert a negative influence on the development of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, leading directly to a severe shortage of its enrollment. Furthermore, the university itself has some problems such as the imbalance between the sum of money invested and the number of students educated, the activities of Trotskyist Opponents among Chinese students and the Purification Movement. All these factors finally lead to the closing down of Sun Yat - sen University in Moscow in 1930.