持久抗稻瘟病杂交水稻新三系及组合选育与应用研究进展

Breeding and the Applied Research Progress of Hybrid Rice of New Three Line and Combination of Persistent Resistance of Blast

湖北省恩施自治州是全国的稻瘟病常发重发病区之一,新品种在生产上使用年限短。针对这一特点,自20世纪80年代以来,恩施州育种工作者确立了在以“优质高产多抗广适”为总体育种目标的基础上,重点开展持久抗稻瘟病育种,通过建立高效稳定的稻瘟病抗性鉴定圃和抗病育种基地,广泛征集和积极创制优异种质资源,对这些资源进行长期鉴定筛选,并利用筛选出的具有持久抗瘟能力的种质资源作供体亲本,采用相宜的杂交配组方式,创制人工制恢(保)组合,对其后代株系进行定向选择,培育具有持久抗瘟能力的不育(保持)系和恢复系,再通过合理配组利用,育成具有持久抗瘟能力的杂交水稻新组合。经20余年的努力,成功育成了一批基本符合上述目标的杂交水稻新三系和组合,并陆续投放于大面积生产,产生了较大经济、社会和生态效益。

Enshi prefecture is the zone that the rice blast occured often and seriously, the new rice variety is suitable in Enshi. In view of this characteristic, since the 1980s, the breeding workers in our prefecture have established ＂good grain quality,high and stable yield, wide adaptability＂ as in the overall breeding goal, carrying on the key research on the breeding of resistance to rice blast, through carrying on the long-term appraisal and selection for the resources. Then use screens that has the resistance to rice blast communicable disease ability as donor parent, through the establishment highly effective stable rice blast resistance appraisal garden and the disease-resistant breeding base, widely collecting the introduction and positively formulates the friendship idioplasm resources, selects the suitable mixed copula- tion group method, formulates the manual system to be restorer （maintenance） combines, is carring on the consecutive selection to its descendant for the the resistance to rice blast acute the cultivation. Succeeded after more than 20 years,we have breeded one batch that basically to conform to the above goal hybrid rice and put in the production for a big area, society and ecology in Enshi prefecture.