广义小檗科植物药用亲缘学的研究

A pharmacophylogenetic study of the Berberidaceae (s.l.)

为探讨广义小檗科Berberidaceaes.l.植物的亲缘关系、化学成分与疗效间存在的联系性,即药用亲缘学的研究,将有关本科的植物化学、疗效等信息数据与植物亲缘关系进行综合的研究分析。研究结果发现本科的化学成分可以划分为几大类型:苄基异喹啉类生物碱、鬼臼毒素类木脂素、三萜皂苷、喹喏里西啶生物碱和淫羊霍苷类黄酮等,结合其疗效,发现广义小檗科从药用亲缘学的角度来观察,可以划分为4个独立的小科,即南天竹科Nandinaceae、小檗科Berberidaceae(狭义)、狮足草科Leonticaceae和鬼臼科Podophyllaceae。

This paper deals with the correlation between phylogeny, chemical constituents and pharmaceutical effectiveness of the Berberidaceae （s.1.）, i.e. a pharmacophylogenetic study of the family. Our results support the circumscription of the family recently proposed by Wu Z-Y et al., who considered that the Berberidaceae （s.1.） should be treated as four independent families： Nandinaceae, Berberidaceae （s.s.）, Podophyllaceae and Leonticaceae. Phytochemically the monotypic family Nandinaceae is characterized by containing a rich spectrum of benzylisoquinoline types of alkaloids, such as berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, magnoflorine, domesticine, nandinine and protopine. The existence of the cyanogenic compound nandinin, biflavonoid amentoflavone and benzaldehyde-4-O-glucoside in this family indicates its relatively distant relation with the other three families. Nandina indica, the only species of the Nandinaceae, has been ethnopharmacologically mainly used as medicines for cleating heat and counteracting toxins, or as antitussive. The Berberidaceae （s.s.）, which consist of Berberis L. and Mahonia Nutt., contain mainly benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, e.g., berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, magnoflorine, particularly a higher content of biisobenzylquinoline alkaloids represented by berbamine and oxyacanthine. Ethnopharmacologically the plants in this family have been mainly used as medicines for clearing heat and counteracting toxins. In addition, plants in both Berberis and Mahonia have long been used as the main sources of the drugs berberine and berbamine. The Podophyllaceae can be divided into two tribes. The tribe Podophylleae, consisting of Podophyllum L. （including Sinopodophyllum Ying and Dysosma Woodson） and Diphylleia Michx., contains extensively various podophyllotoxin lignans, and the plants in this tribe have been used as the most important source for the manufacture of the anticancer drugs, i.e., podophyllotoxin＇s derivatives. Ethnopharmacologically, the plants have been mainly used as medicines for activating blood, revolving stasis, relieving swelling, removing toxin, and cleating heat. The tribe Epimedieae, consisting of Epimedium L., Vancouveria C. Morr. ＆ Decne, Achlys DC., Jeffersonia Barton （Plagiorhegma Maxim.） and Ranzania T. Ito, has diversified chemical constituents. Both Epimedium and Vancouveria contain predominately bioactive icariinflavonoids, the characteristic chemical constituents of this group. Ethnopharmacologically the plants in Epimedium have been used as a male sexual tonic, and as medicines for dispelling wind and removing dampness. The phytochemistry of the remaining three genera Aehlys, Jeffersonia and Ranzania has not been yet thoroughly investigated. Jeffersonia dubia has been used for the treatment of dysentery and eye pain caused by inflammation in the Korean minority nationality of northeast China. The Leonticaceae, including Gymnospermium Spach, Leontiee L., Caulophyllum Michx and Bongardia C. A. Mey., phytochemically contain mainly β-amyrin triterpenoids and quinolizidine alkaloids, and have been used as medicines for activating blood, revolving stasis, dispelling wind and removing dampness.